专业课

Chapter Appendix Storage Networks and other peripheralsintroduction of I/O不容易度量性能并设计 Three Characters of I/O Behavior input output storage Partner Data rate Throughput and Response time 吞吐量和响应时间 A.2 Disk Storage and Dependabilityfloppy disk hard disk platter 盘 track 轨道 sector 扇区，存储数据的最小单位 FlashMeasure Dependability MTTF Mean time to failure 平均无故障时间 MTTR Mean time to repair 平均修复时间 MTBF=MTTF+MTTR Mean time between failure 平均故障时间间隔 Availability $Availability=\frac ...

Chapter 5 Exploiting Memory Hierarchy Memory Technologies (介绍存储类型) Memory Hierarchy Introduction (层次化概念) The basics of Cache (高速缓存介绍) Measuring and improving cache performance (高速缓存性能提升) Dependable Memory Hierarchy () Virtual Machines (虚拟机) Virtual Memory (虚拟内存) A common Framework for Memory Hierarchy (计算机通常层次化内存结构) Using FSM to Control a simple Cache (用状态机控制缓存) 1. Memory TechnologiesReview: SRAM: use CMOS as a basic element. N型（没有小圆圈）给1是导通状态 P型（有圆圈）给0是导通状态 vcc 接p，gnd接n，构成一个非门。 两个CMOS反相器构成1b ...

Chapter 4 Processorcomputer CPU: control unit data path Outline Introduction Logic Design Conventions Building a Data path A Simple Implementation Scheme Introduction:The Data path The Control unit Instruction execution of instructionFetch take instruction from the instruction memory modify pc to point the next instruction Instruction decodingexecutive controlmemory accessWrite to memoryUpdate PC HazardsStructure hazards指令在不同步骤执行的过程中访问硬件冲突 所以RISCV将指令和数据分开存储 还有一种：WB和ID之间Structure haz ...

Chapter 3 Arithmetic for Computer6 Design Ideas for Computer Organization bit Byte =8bit word =32bit =4Byte 计组中，一个word就是一个指令多少 1 bit ALUAddition Subtraction Overflow: a xor b == 0, a and b are carryout bits. Adder: G_i=generator, P_i=propagator. Carry Lookahead Adder (CLA)用G和P项进行同步进位，位数过大使用多级CLA结构G是自身进位因素，P是上一级进位因素 Carry Select Adder (CSA)提前算好两种进位的结果，最后根据实际结果进行选择 MultiplicationUse multiplier who use adder and shifter. Actually: Multiplier for 64bit and 64bitOnly use 6 ...

Lecture 2 Instructions: Language of the MachineOutline Introduction Operations of the computer hardware (计算机硬件的操作) Operands of the computer hardware(计算机硬件的操作数) Signed and unsigned numbers (有符号和无符号数) 太简单跳过了 Representing instructions in the computer(计算机中指令的表示) Logical operations(逻辑操作) Instructions for making decision(决策指令) Supporting procedures in computer hardware(计算机对过程的支持) （函数） Instruction addressing (指令的寻址) Operationdesign principle 1 Simplicity favors regularity规范化让操作更简单简单可以保证低消耗和高性能 ...

Lecture 1Logical board - Composed of integrated circuits in an iPad CPU (Processor) data path 数据通路 control 控制通路 Flash （Memory） Volatile DRAM SRAM Nonvolatile Solid state memory, flash memory Magnetic disk Power controller I/O controller Computer Organization Software Application software System Software Operation System (OS) Compiler :GCC Firmware (Driver software) Hardware CPU Control unit Data Path path: mux ALU Registers … Memory I/O interface input: keyboard Output ...